Citation

Syunyakov TS, Сергеевич, Pavlichenko AV, Викторович, Morozov PV, Викторович, Fedotov IA, Андреевич, Filatova VE, Евгеньевна, Gayduk AJ, Янович, Ignatenko YS, Сергеевна, Spikina AA, Александровна, Yashikhina AA, Александровна, Patsali ME, Э, Fountoulakis KN, Н, Smirnova DA, Александровна. Consortium Psychiatricum 2022; 3(2): 15-36.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Moscow Healthcare Department, Russian Federation)

DOI

10.17816/CP167

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Suicidality is a complex clinical phenomenon reflecting vulnerability to suicidal behavior which can be explained via the biopsychosocial paradigm and in relationship with a variety of country-specific factors. Data on suicides within the Russian population are inconsistent (from 11.7 up to 25.1 per 100.000), whereas the population's suicidality risks have not been investigated in detail. Suicidality estimates during the multifactorial influence of the COVID-19 pandemic could serve as a basis to learn more about this mental health indicator.

METHODS: The current study is a part of the COMET-G international project (40 countries, n=55.589), which represents an analysis of data collected from Russia's general population (n=7714, 33±12 y.o., 61% female) to estimate suicidality using the Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) and its relationships with socio-demographic, clinical, and life-habit characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of the statistical data (descriptive statistics, ANOVA, LASSO linear regression, significant at α=0.05) was undertaken using TIBCO Statistica.

RESULTS: According to the RASS, at least 20.68%, and up to 29.15%, of the general population in Russia demonstrated increased risk of suicidality during the pandemic. Modelling these risks pointed to the key vulnerabilities related to mental and behavioral disorders, such as (i) current severe depression and a history of mental disorders, (ii) bipolar disorder, (iii) use of illicit drugs surprisingly outranking the alcohol misuse, and psychiatric compounds (hypnotics), highlighting sleep quality deterioration, (iv) a history of suicide attempts and self-harm -- though not self-reported changes in depression -- in response were predictors of the risk of suicidality, which can be explained by the phenomenon of "learned suicidality", a habitual behavioral suicidality pattern completion accumulated over the background. Such (v) socio-demographic indicators as younger age (disregarding the gender factor), a marital status of single, having no children, living with fewer people in the household, a recent increase in family conflicts, increased need for emotional support, decreased need for communication, and not believing in precautionary measures against COVID-19, contributed to the increase of suicidality risk in the context of the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study revealed new suicide risk factors that should be taken into account in suicidality risk assessments for the Russian population and in the implementation of suicide prevention programs in the region.

Language: en

Keywords

COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; depression; family conflicts; self-harm; sleep disturbances; social support; suicidality; suicide prevention; young age; депрессия; молодой возраст; нарушения сна; пандемия; профилактика самоубийств; самоповреждения; семейные конфликты; социальная поддержка; суицидальность