Citation

Lyu C, Heyer P, Goossens B, Philips W. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22(12): 4416.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s22124416

PMID

35746199

Abstract

Dual cameras with visible-thermal multispectral pairs provide both visual and thermal appearance, thereby enabling detecting pedestrians around the clock in various conditions and applications, including autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. However, due to the greatly varying real-world scenarios, the performance of a detector trained on a source dataset might change dramatically when evaluated on another dataset. A large amount of training data is often necessary to guarantee the detection performance in a new scenario. Typically, human annotators need to conduct the data labeling work, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and unscalable. To overcome the problem, we propose a novel unsupervised transfer learning framework for multispectral pedestrian detection, which adapts a multispectral pedestrian detector to the target domain based on pseudo training labels. In particular, auxiliary detectors are utilized and different label fusion strategies are introduced according to the estimated environmental illumination level. Intermediate domain images are generated by translating the source images to mimic the target ones, acting as a better starting point for the parameter update of the pedestrian detector. The experimental results on the KAIST and FLIR ADAS datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art performance without any manual training annotations on the target data.

Language: en

Keywords

deep learning; domain adaptation; multispectral fusion; pedestrian detection; unsupervised transfer learning