Citation

Nanagas KA, Penfound SJ, Kao LW. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 2022; 40(2): 283-312.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.emc.2022.01.005

PMID

35461624

Abstract

Carbon monoxide accounts for thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Clinical effects can be diverse and include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, syncope, seizures, coma, dysrhythmias, and cardiac ischemia, and severe toxicity generally affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Because of its complex pathophysiology, effects of toxicity can be acute or delayed. The diagnosis can be elusive, as carboxyhemoglobin levels do not always correlate with the degree of poisoning. Even when the diagnosis is certain, appropriate therapy is widely debated. Normobaric oxygen is the standard therapy, and the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen is unclear.

Language: en

Keywords

Poisoning; Carbon monoxide; Toxicity; Carboxyhemoglobin; Delayed neurologic sequelae; Hyperbaric oxygen; Neuropsychometric testing; Normobaric oxygen