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Citation |
Miletta S. Salus J. 2021; 9(2): 27-43. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2021, Charles Sturt University) |
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DOI |
unavailable |
PMID |
unavailable |
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Abstract |
"Pyro-terrorism is the use of incendiary attacks to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, to advance political or social objectives" (Baird, 2006). Pyro- terrorism attacks differ from traditional arson attacks and can comprise a component of dual-phase ambushes, incur injuries and fatalities, create fear and confusion, and delay the response and mitigation of an incident. The often simple application of fire as a weapon by terrorists creates a complex and challenging situation for counter-terrorism (CT) and emergency service agencies, with the traditional risks associated with fire, such as toxic atmospheres created by smoke and carbon monoxide, structural compromise, and rapid fire spread, compounded by actions seen in terrorist attacks. This includes the targeting of mass groups, ambush and armed assault, and devices planted to create secondary victims. This is not a new form of terrorism; however, the spike of pyro-terrorism globally over the recent years (GTD, 2019a) suggests that its ease of use is proving to be an attractive weapon at a time when terrorists are seeking simple methods of attack (Australian Government, n.d.). While pyro-terrorism targeting rural areas can lead to widespread bushfires causing destruction and death, urban areas are just as susceptible to pyro-terrorism as both a standalone tactic and in combination with other attack methods. Denser populations, flammable building materials, and delays experienced during evacuations contribute to the risks faced by urban populations. Australia has experienced political and racially motivated incendiary attacks although the focus of these has mainly been buildings and other structures. An attack in Melbourne in 2018 demonstrated that Australia is not immune to the threat of pyro- terrorism and the associated risks. This 2018 attack involved a violent actor who used a car fire in combination with an edged weapon to directly target civilians within the centre of the city. By analysing the use of fire by this attacker, and other violent actors overseas, we can begin to identify the risks faced when these methods are employed in terrorism and the importance of an integrated response to combat such incidents. Language: en |