Citation

Zontone P, Affanni A, Piras A, Rinaldo R. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22(3): e939.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2022, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s22030939

PMID

35161685

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a relatively noninvasive system that can automatically assess the impact of traffic conditions on drivers. We analyze the physiological signals recorded from a set of individuals while driving in a simulated urban scenario in two different traffic scenarios, i.e., with traffic and without traffic. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory located at the University of Udine, employing a driving simulator equipped with a moving platform. We acquired two Skin Potential Response (SPR) signals from the hands of the drivers, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal from their chest. In the proposed scheme, the SPR signals are then processed through a Motion Artifact (MA) removal algorithm such that possible motion artifacts arising during the drive are reduced. An analysis considering the scalogram of the single cleaned SPR signal is presented. This signal, along with the ECG, is then fed to various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. More specifically, some statistical features are extracted from each signal segment which, after being analyzed through a binary ML model, are labeled as corresponding to a stressful situation or not. Our results confirm the applicability of the proposed approach to identify stress in the two scenarios. This is also in accordance with our findings considering the SPR signal scalograms.

Language: en

Keywords

Humans; Algorithms; *Automobile Driving; Artifacts; electrocardiogram; Electrocardiography; electrodermal activity; Machine Learning; motion artifact removal; stress detection in drivers