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Citation
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Lange RT, French LM, Bailie JM, Merritt VC, Pattinson CL, Hungerford LD, Lippa SM, Brickell TA. Qual. Life Res. 2022; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
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Abstract
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PURPOSE: This study examined the clinical utility of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), low resilience, poor sleep, and lifetime blast exposure as risk factors for predicting future neurobehavioral outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
METHODS: Participants were 591 U.S. military service members and veterans who had sustained a TBI (n = 419) or orthopedic injury without TBI (n = 172). Participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, PTSD Checklist, and the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) scale at baseline and follow-up.
RESULTS: Using the four risk factors at baseline, 15 risk factor combinations were examined by calculating odds ratios to predict poor neurobehavioral outcome at follow-up (i.e., number of abnormal scores across five TBI-QOL scales [e.g., Fatigue, Depression]). The vast majority of risk factor combinations resulted in odds ratios that were considered to be clinically meaningful (i.e., ≥ 2.5) for predicting poor outcome. The risk factor combinations with the highest odds ratios included PTSD singularly, or in combination with poor sleep and/or low resilience (odds ratios = 4.3-72.4). However, poor sleep and low resilience were also strong predictors in the absence of PTSD (odds ratios = 3.1-29.8).
CONCLUSION: PTSD, poor sleep, and low resilience, singularly or in combination, may be valuable risk factors that can be used clinically for targeted early interventions.
Language: en |