Citation

Zhao J, Wan Y, Song L, Wu N, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Gan J. Front. Neurol. 2021; 12: e758580.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Frontiers Research Foundation)

DOI

10.3389/fneur.2021.758580

PMID

35046882

PMCID

PMC8761770

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, studies on a validated model for the onset of FOG based on longitudinal observation are absent. This study aims to develop a risk prediction model to predict the probability of future onset of FOG from a multicenter cohort of Chinese patients with PD.

METHODS: A total of 350 patients with PD without FOG were prospectively monitored for ~2 years. Demographic and clinical data were investigated. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a risk prediction model for FOG.

RESULTS: Overall, FOG was observed in 132 patients (37.70%) during the study period. At baseline, longer disease duration [odds ratio (OR) = 1.214, p = 0.008], higher total levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) (OR = 1.440, p < 0.001), and higher severity of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.907, p = 0.028) were the strongest predictors of future onset of FOG in the final multivariable model. The model performed well in the development dataset (with a C-statistic = 0.820, 95% CI: 0.771-0.865), showed acceptable discrimination and calibration in internal validation, and remained stable in 5-fold cross-validation.

CONCLUSION: A new prediction model that quantifies the risk of future onset of FOG has been developed. It is based on clinical variables that are readily available in clinical practice and could serve as a small tool for risk counseling.

Language: en

Keywords

longitudinal; Parkinson's disease; freezing of gait; nomogram; prediction model