Citation

Huang FL, Cornell DG. Sch. Psychol. Rev. 2021; 50(2-3): 388-405.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, National Association of School Psychologists)

DOI

10.1080/2372966X.2020.1832865

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Zero tolerance as an approach to school safety has been around for almost 3 decades. Despite widespread criticisms of zero tolerance policies, few empirical studies have investigated the relationship of zero tolerance with school safety. More generally, the Government Accountability Office report on school shootings noted the need for research on the link between school discipline and school safety. Using a statewide survey from 108,888 students and 10,990 teachers from almost all Virginia middle schools, we found that a majority of surveyed teachers (74%) supported the use of zero tolerance as an effective discipline practice. Analysis using both linear and logistic regression indicated that support for zero tolerance was associated with higher rates of out-of-school suspension. Contrary to the goals of zero tolerance, both students and teachers in schools with greater support for zero tolerance had lower feelings of safety at school, even after controlling for school and student characteristics associated with safety. These findings offer new evidence to support efforts by school psychologists to discourage the use of zero tolerance and promote more effective school discipline practices.Impact StatementDespite widespread criticism of zero tolerance policies, approximately 74% of middle school teachers in Virginia supported the use of zero tolerance as an effective disciplinary practice.Higher support for zero tolerance was associated with higher out-of-school student suspension rates and lower feelings of safety as reported by both students and teachers.Alternative disciplinary practices that advocate for the use of nonexclusionary disciplinary sanctions should consider teacher beliefs about the value of zero tolerance policies.

Language: en

Keywords

Amanda Nickerson; exclusionary discipline; school safety; suspensions; zero tolerance