Citation

Zongo A, Lee C, El-Mourad J, Dyck JRB, Hyshka E, Hanlon JG, Eurich DT. Can. J. Psychiatry 2021; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Canadian Psychiatric Association, Publisher SAGE Publications)

DOI

10.1177/07067437211060597

PMID

34806435

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Poisoning from psychoactive drugs and substance use disorders (SUD) have been reported among non-medical cannabis users. However, little is known about medical cannabis users and their risk for poisoning and/or development of SUD. This study assessed the risk of emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalization for 1) poisoning by psychoactive drugs and 2) mental/behavioural disorders due to the use of psychoactive drugs and other substances, in medically authorized cannabis patients in Ontario, Canada from 2014-2017.

METHODS: A cohort study of adult patients authorized for medical cannabis that were matched to population-based controls. ED visit/hospitalization were assessed with a main diagnostic code for: 1) poisoning by psychoactive drugs; 2) mental and behavioural disorder due to psychoactive drugs or other substance use. Conditional Cox proportional hazards regressions were conducted.

RESULTS: 18,653 cannabis patients were matched to 51,243 controls. During a median follow-up of 243 days, the incidence rate for poisoning was 4.71 per 1,000 person-years (95%CI: 3.71-5.99) for cases and 1.73 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 1.36-2.19) for controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 2.45 (95%CI: 1.56-3.84). For mental/behavioural disorders, the incident rates were 8.89 (95% CI: 7.47-10.57) and 5.01 (95% CI: 4.36-5.76) in the cannabis and the controls group. The aHR was 2.27 (95%CI: 1.66-3.11). No difference was observed between males and females (P-value for interaction > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study observed a short-term increased risk of ED visit/hospitalization for poisoning or for mental/behavioural disorders (from use of psychoactive drugs and other substances)- in medically authorized cannabis patients.

Language: en

Keywords

emergency department; substance use; hospitalization; medical cannabis; poisoning