Citation

Szymski D, Opitz S, Pfeifer C, Rupp M, Angele P, Alt V, Krutsch W, Krutsch V. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2021; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/sms.14083

PMID

34657335

Abstract

Football referees need other physiological requirements on field than football players and are affected by different types of injury. The absence of referees may result in cancelled matches, so special focus should be placed on injury prevention through specific training programmes for referees. This study retrospectively analysed injury occurrence and prevention strategies for German football referees at the different levels of play over one season. Data were collected by means of seasonal injury reports based on the consensus statement of injury definition and data collection. Of the 923 participating referees, 91 (9.9%) played at the professional level, 151 (16.3%) at the semi-professional, 681 (73.8%) at the amateur level. 86.2% (n=796) were men and 13.8% (n=127) women. Referees at the amateur level showed the highest injury incidence (3.14/1000h football) compared to referees at the semi-professional (1.92/1000h; p<0.001) and professional level (1.01/1000h; p<0.001). Most referees at the amateur (n=372; 56.4%) and semi-professional level (n=46; 31.3%) conducted warm-up programmes of <10 minutes, whereas the mean warm-up duration of professional referees was >11 minutes (n=75; 82.4%). Although running and stretching exercises were common among referees during warm-up, preventive exercises focusing on coordination and trunk muscles were less frequent, especially among amateur referees (jumping: 15.9%; strengthening: 9.7%; balance exercises: 7.9%). Injury incidence was highest at lower amateur levels, which thus has specific need for injury prevention. Appropriate training exercises to prevent injuries of referees were weak at all levels of play, especially the lack of strength, plyometric and balance exercises in training and warm-up programmes.

Keywords: Soccer

Language: en

Keywords

prevention; epidemiology; injury; football; match officials; Referee