Citation

Lupa MR. Transp. Res. Rec. 1994; 1459: 46.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1994, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences USA, Publisher SAGE Publishing)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

The passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 resulted in the introduction of a number of transportation control measures (TCMs) that are designed to reduce the number of vehicle kilometers traveled in ozone nonattainment regions. Employee trip reduction (ETR) is one of those strategies. A policy analysis of ETR and a preliminary cost comparison of ETR among TCMs are presented. ETR is an evolving TCM and, as such, provides an arena for strategic planning using many tools, including direct political action, classical economics, technological implementation, pricing, and regional consensus building. Thus far ETR has not affected regional vehicle miles traveled, and yet it is premature to say that it has no effect on regional clean air goals. ETR strategies cannot successfully be separated from related mode split component strategies such as transit expansion, transit user subsidy, and parking fees; this synergistic quality complicates freestanding analysis of ETR. Finally, the positive and negative results of ETR indicate that pricing of some sort is the most direct means of securing behavioral change.

Language: en