Citation

Lee JH, Lee D, Hyun S, Hong JS, Kim CH, Kim W, Sim M. Front. Psychiatry 2021; 12: e685445.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Frontiers Media)

DOI

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685445

PMID

34295275

Abstract

Experiences of infectious diseases cause stressful and traumatic life events, hence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients could suffer from various mental health problems requiring psychological support services. This study investigates the severity of mental health problems among confirmed COVID-19 patients. From March to November 2020, we collected the data from 118 COVID-19 patients who voluntarily participated in the National Center for Disaster Trauma's online mental health assessment consisting of self-report scales like Primary Care of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder screen (PC-PTSD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and P4 Suicidality Screener. For control, 116 other disaster-experienced and 386 non-COVID-19-experienced participants were recruited. The COVID-19 patients showed more severe symptoms including post-traumatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms than control groups across all four screening scales (p < 0.001). Regarding high-risk, COVID-19 patients had an increased association with high-risk compared to the comparison groups (PC-PTSD: OR = 24.16, 95% CI = 13.52-43.16 p < 0.001; PHQ-9: OR = 14.45, 95% CI = 8.29-25.19, p < 0.001; GAD-7: OR=20.71, 95% CI = 10.74-39.96, p < 0.001; PHQ-15: OR = 5.65, 95% CI = 3.44-9.25, p < 0.001; P4: OR = 14.67, 95% CI = 8.95-25.07, p < 0.001). This study's results imply that there is a high-risk of overall mental health problems, especially stronger associations of post-traumatic stress symptoms, in COVID-19 patients. These findings help inform practitioners about the psychological responses to COVID-19 experiences and to prepare appropriate interventions and services for the incremental number of confirmed cases.

Language: en

Keywords

depression; anxiety; COVID-19; post-traumatic stress disorder; psychological trauma