Citation

Nilson G, Håland Y. Proc. Stapp Car Crash Conf. 1995; 39: 59-70.

Affiliation

Chalmers University of Technology, Goeteborg, Sweden

Copyright

(Copyright © 1995, Society of Automotive Engineers SAE)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This work shows the angle, in the x-z plane, between the structure-anchored lap-belt strap and the upper, frontal part of the pelvis is a measure of the tendency for the belt to slip off the pelvis in a frontal impact. The maximum angle during the time when the lap-belt force exceeds 3 kN thus indicates whether or not submarining may occur. The angle can be obtained with satisfactory precision in rigid body dynamics simulations using current belt models, which means it could be a useful tool when evaluating new design concepts. The results further show an increased tendency for submarining with increased impact velocity as well as with increased belt slack. They also indicate rear seat occupants are exposed to a higher risk of submarining than are front seat occupants.