Citation

Stoute BJ. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 2021; 69(2): 259-290.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/00030651211014207

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Integrating the story of a young Freud's racial trauma with a novel application of the concept of moral injury has led to a realization and conceptual formulation during the pandemic uprisings of the mental construct of Black Rage as an adaptation to oppression trauma. As formulated here, Black Rage exists in a specific dynamic equilibrium as a compromise formation that is a functional adaptation for oppressed people of color who suffer racial trauma and racial degradation, an adaptation that can be mobilized for the purpose of defense or psychic growth. Black Rage operates as a mental construct in a way analogous to the topographical model, in which mental agencies carry psychic functions. The concept of Black Rage is crucial to constructing a theoretical framework for a psychology of oppression and transgenerational transmission of trauma. Additionally, in the psychoanalytic theory on oppression suggested here, a developmental line is formulated for the adaptive function of Black Rage in promoting resilience in the face of oppression trauma for marginalized people.

Language: en

Keywords

trauma; race; mass trauma; racism; slavery; racial trauma; Black Rage; Freud; Hannibal; oppression; transgenerational trauma