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Citation
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Schindler AG, Baskin B, Juarez B, Lee SJ, Hendrickson R, Pagulayan K, Zweifel LS, Raskind MA, Phillips PEM, Peskind ER, Cook DG. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2021; ePub(ePub): ePub. |
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Abstract
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BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in civilians and highly prevalent among military service members. mTBI can increase health-risk behaviors (e.g., sensation seeking, impulsivity) and addiction risk (e.g., alcohol use disorder (AUD)), but how mTBI and substance use might interact to promote addiction risk remains poorly understood. Likewise, potential differences in single vs. repetitive mTBI in relation to alcohol use/abuse has not been previously examined.
METHODS: Here we examined how a history of single (1x) or repetitive (3x) blast exposure (blast-mTBI) affects ethanol-induced behavioral and physiological outcomes using an established mouse model of blast-mTBI. To investigate potential translational relevance, we also examined self-report responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C), a widely used measure to identify potential hazardous drinking and AUD, and used a novel unsupervised machine learning approach to investigate whether a history of blast-mTBI affected drinking behaviors in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans.
RESULTS: Both single and repetitive blast-mTBI in mice increased the sedative properties of ethanol (with no change in tolerance or metabolism), but only repetitive blast potentiated ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and shifted ethanol intake patterns (increased consumption 'front-loading' (e.g., higher rate of consumption during initial acute (2-hour) phase of alcohol access (24-hour)) and decreased total daily intake) during intermittent two bottle choice. Examination of AUDIT-C scores in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans revealed an optimal three-cluster solution: 'low' (low intake and low frequency), 'frequent' (low intake but high frequency), and 'risky' (high intake and high frequency), where Veterans with a history of blast-mTBI displayed a shift in cluster assignment from 'frequent' to 'risky', as compared to Veterans who were deployed to Iraq/Afghanistan who had no lifetime history of TBI.
CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results offer new insight regarding how blast-mTBI may give rise to increased AUD and highlight the increased potential for adverse health-risk behaviors specifically following repetitive blast-mTBI.
Language: en |