Citation

Wilber CG, Leddy JJ, Bezherano I, Bromley L, Edwards AE, Willer BS, Haider MN. Semin. Neurol. 2021; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2021, Georg Thieme Verlag)

DOI

10.1055/s-0041-1725134

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Concussion and persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS) are encountered by clinicians in sports medicine, pediatrics, neurology, physiatry, emergency medicine, and primary care. Clinical management may require a multidisciplinary approach. This article presents a structured method for the diagnosis of concussion and PPCS in the outpatient setting, which includes a history, physical examination, and additional tests as clinically indicated to help identify underlying symptom generators. Treatment for concussion and PPCS should be individualized, based on predominant signs and symptoms, and can include subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise, cervical physical therapy, vestibulo-ocular rehabilitation, behavioral and cognitive psychotherapy, and some symptom-specific pharmacological therapies.

Language: en