Citation

Hollander C, Rauh N, Naujoks F, Hergeth S, Krems JF, Keinath A. Information (Basel) 2020; 11(7): e340.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publications Institute)

DOI

10.3390/info11070340

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Partially automated driving (PAD, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) level 2) features provide steering and brake/acceleration support, while the driver must constantly supervise the support feature and intervene if needed to maintain safety. PAD could potentially increase comfort, road safety, and traffic efficiency. As during manual driving, users might engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, studies systematically examining NDRT execution during PAD are rare and most importantly, no established methodologies to systematically evaluate driver distraction during PAD currently exist. The current project’s goal was to take the initial steps towards developing a test protocol for systematically evaluating NDRT’s effects during PAD. The methodologies used for manual driving were extended to PAD. Two generic take-over situations addressing system limits of a given PAD regarding longitudinal and lateral control were implemented to evaluate drivers’ supervisory and take-over capabilities while engaging in different NDRTs (e.g., manual radio tuning task). The test protocol was evaluated and refined across the three studies (two simulator and one test track). The results indicate that the methodology could sensitively detect differences between the NDRTs’ influences on drivers’ take-over and especially supervisory capabilities. Recommendations were formulated regarding the test protocol’s use in future studies examining the effects of NDRTs during PAD.

Language: en

Keywords

closed circuit); non-driving related tasks; partially automated driving; take-over situations; test protocol development; user studies (simulator