Citation

Yavuz Guzel E, Atasoy A, Gören E, Daglioglu N. Drug Test. Anal. 2020; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1002/dta.2979

PMID

33201572

Abstract

Alcohol and tobacco are the most frequently consumed substances in the world. Both are significantly associated with the increasing number of different diseases. Thus, monitoring nicotine and alcohol use is vital for public health planning and intervention strategies. This study aimed to calculate estimates of alcohol and nicotine use in 11 cities of Turkey using wastewater based epidemiology. In 2019, daily composite wastewater samples from 18 wastewater treatment plants were collected for a week per season. 24-hour composite samples were collected via auto-samplers. Sample preparation for wastewater samples collected was done using liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. Nicotine and ethyl sulfate (EtS) were analysed using validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The estimated average nicotine consumption was 2.84 mg/p/day, and the average alcohol consumption was 4.1 3.46±1.83 mL/p/day. The highest nicotine consumption was observed in Kayseri city; the highest alcohol consumption was calculated for Mersin city. In this study, the cigarette and alcohol consumption estimate obtained by WBE was found to be higher than the Turkey Tobacco and Alcohol Market Regulatory Authority report. To our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive one so far applied using Wastewater Based Epidemiology (WBE) for 11 cities in Turkey and evaluates alcohol and nicotine use together.

Language: en

Keywords

biomarker; alcohol; nicotine; community use; wastewater