Citation

Kaila H, Singhal S, Tuteja D. World Dev. 2020; 130: e104911.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104911

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

India has employed a variety of military, political and economic measures to combat the long running insurgency in Kashmir with little evidence on what contributes to stability in the region. This paper uses a variety of tests to detect structural breaks in the time series for violence over the period 1998-2017. We identify a transition from a high violence regime to a low violence regime that coincides with (i) the fencing of the border with Pakistan (ii) the implementation of a large-scale development program, and (iii) the phasing in of the Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS). Panel data analysis using district-level data further corroborate these findings. Our results highlight the complementary roles of development programs and security in reducing violence.

Language: en

Keywords

Conflict; Development programs; Jammu and Kashmir; Multiple structural breaks; Security