Citation

Gao F, He B, He Y. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20(7): e1968.

Affiliation

Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s20071968

PMID

32244626

Abstract

Due to the limitation of current technologies and product costs, humans are still in the driving loop, especially for public traffic. One key problem of cooperative driving is determining the time when assistance is required by a driver. To overcome the disadvantage of the driver state-based detection algorithm, a new index called the correction ability of the driver is proposed, which is further combined with the driving risk to evaluate the driving capability. Based on this measurement, a degraded domain (DD) is further set up to detect the degradation of the driving capability. The log normal distribution is used to model the boundary of DD according to the bench test data, and an online algorithm is designed to update its parameter interactively to identify individual driving styles. The bench validation results show that the identification algorithm of the DD boundary converges finely and can reflect the individual driving characteristics. The proposed degradation detection algorithm can be used to determine the switching time from manual to automatic driving, and this DD-based cooperative driving system can drive the vehicle in a safe condition.

Language: en

Keywords

automatic driving; cooperative driving; driver model; driver state; driving capability; driving risk