Citation

Slavich GM, Giletta M, Helms SW, Hastings PD, Rudolph KD, Nock MK, Prinstein MJ. Depress. Anxiety 2020; 37(2): 179-193.

Affiliation

Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2020, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1002/da.22987

PMID

31995664

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Depression rates increase markedly for girls across the adolescent transition, but the social-environmental and biological processes underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. To address this issue, we tested a key hypothesis from Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression, which posits that individuals who mount stronger inflammatory responses to social stress should exhibit greater increases in depressive symptoms following interpersonal life stress exposure than those who mount weaker inflammatory responses to such stress.

METHOD: Participants were 116 adolescent girls (M_age  = 14.71) at risk for psychopathology, defined as having a history of mental health concerns (e.g., psychiatric treatment, significant symptoms) over the past 2 years. At baseline, we characterized their inflammatory reactivity to social stress by quantifying their salivary proinflammatory cytokine responses to a laboratory-based social stressor. Then, 9 months later, we assessed the interpersonal and noninterpersonal stressful life events that they experienced over the prior 9 months using an interview-based measure of life stress.

RESULTS: As hypothesized, greater interpersonal life stress exposure was associated with significant increases in depression over time, but only for girls exhibiting stronger salivary tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β reactivity to social stress. In contrast, noninterpersonal stress exposure was unrelated to changes in depression longitudinally, both alone and when combined with youths' cytokine reactivity scores.

DISCUSSION: These results are consistent with Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression and suggest that heightened inflammatory reactivity to social stress may increase adolescents' risk for depression. Consequently, it may be possible to reduce depression risk by modifying inflammatory responses to social stress.

© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Language: en

Keywords

cytokines; development; disease; inflammation; major depressive disorder; risk; social stress; vulnerability