Citation

Tampubolon H, Yang CL, Chan AS, Sutrisno H, Hua KL. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19(23): s19235277.

Affiliation

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s19235277

PMID

31795519

Abstract

Urban swarming transportation (UST) is a type of road transportation where multiple types of vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and bicycles, as well as pedestrians are allowed and mixed together on the roads. Predicting the traffic jam speed under UST is very different and difficult from the single road network traffic prediction which has been commonly studied in the intelligent traffic system (ITS) research. In this research, the road network wide (RNW) traffic prediction which predicts traffic jam speeds of multiple roads at once by utilizing citizens' mobile GPS sensor records is proposed to better predict traffic jam under UST. In order to conduct the RNW traffic prediction, a specific data preprocessing is needed to convert traffic data into an image representing spatial-temporal relationships among RNW. In addition, a revised capsule network (CapsNet), named OCapsNet, which utilizes nonlinearity functions in the first two convolution layers and the modified dynamic routing to optimize the performance of CapsNet, is proposed. The experiments were conducted using real-world urban road traffic data of Jakarta to evaluate the performance. The results show that OCapsNet has better performance than Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and original CapsNet with better accuracy and precision.

Language: en

Keywords

capsule network; convolution neural network; smart city; traffic jam prediction; urban swarming transportation