Citation

Pearson NT, Berry JH. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019; 16(21): e16214149.

Affiliation

Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jberry@hsc.wvu.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/ijerph16214149

PMID

31661851

Abstract

Evidence for an association between cannabis and psychosis has been documented in literature in many forms including experimental studies, epidemiological data, and case series. The association has implications for psychotic outcomes ranging from mild to severe and occurring over minutes to years. Due to the huge variety of exposures and outcome measures reported, creating a coherent account of all the available information is difficult. A useful way to conceptualize these wide-ranging results is to consider the association between cannabis and psychosis as it occurs within the context of widely used DSM-5 diagnoses. In the present review we examine cannabis/psychosis associations as they pertain to Cannabis Intoxication, Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder, and Schizophrenia. This allows for an understanding of the cannabis and psychosis association along something approaching a continuum. Cannabis intoxication becomes Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder once certain severity and duration criteria are met and Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder is heavily associated with future schizophrenia diagnoses.

Language: en

Keywords

DSM-5; cannabis; delusions; hallucinations; intoxication; marijuana; paranoia; psychosis; schizophrenia