Citation

Hatanaka S, Usuba S. J. Combust. Soc. Jpn. 2018; 60(193): 181-190.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, Combustion Society of Japan)

DOI

10.20619/jcombsj.60.193_181

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Japanese fireworks began in the Edo period. And the technology has advanced with the support by the people over time. Currently, Japanese fireworks are highly respected worldwide. I think the reason is that Japanese are creating the clear bright color and sound technology using the characteristics of aluminum powder (Al powder) well. On the other hand, severe accidents such as "mass explosion" which affect almost the entire explosives virtually instantaneously during manufacture and storage of fireworks articles including Al powder had continued until recently. It was similar in overseas. For this reason, investigation and research have been conducted at various levels, such as international, national and industrial levels, and regulations had been also tightened. International regulation on transportation of dangerous goods including fireworks should follow the regulation called "UN Recommendations". By these investigation and researches, the regulations of fireworks were changed dramatically in 2005, and then continued to change. Additionally, ISO standards of fireworks have been developed from 2012 and published in 2017. The transport classification of fireworks should be decided by the flash composition test of UN Recommendation. This flash composition test is composed of two kinds tests, a time pressure test with 0.5g sample and DDT test with 25g one. It became clear by Japanese studies that the time pressure test overestimates due to the scale effect. It seems that the combustion behavior of Al powder at high temperature and high pressure tightly relates to mass explosion, but the actual behavior is unknown now time.

Language: ja

Keywords

Aluminum powder; Fireworks; Flash composition; Mass explosion