Citation

Stefana E, Marciano F, Cocca P, Rossi D, Tomasoni G. Int. J. Occup. Safety Ergonomics 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia , Brescia, Italy.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Publisher Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

10.1080/10803548.2019.1669954

PMID

31530255

Abstract

Purpose. In the steel industry, performing activities in confined spaces where potential oxygen (O₂) displacement can occur may expose workers to fatal consequences. To the best of our knowledge, no quantitative exposure assessment of O₂ deficiency in steel confined spaces is available in the literature. To overcome this gap, we perform Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) assessments in real confined spaces using two existing models to identify the most critical parameters responsible for ODH, and suggest controls for mitigating the asphyxiation risk. Methods. We applied a well-mixed model and a Near Field-Far Field approach to estimate the indoor O₂ level in time during and following releases of simple asphyxiants. Models' inputs were mainly gathered thanks to audits and instrumental tests in three firms. Results. The most severe ODH exposures are posed in spaces with a restricted volume and where accidental releases of inert gases can occur. Such exposures can be controlled through early release detections and augmented reality systems. Conclusions. ODH assessments in confined spaces of steel firms allow the identification of the most critical parameters from an O₂ depletion perspective, focusing on which data need careful measurement, and help to establish controls compatible with the operations conducted into these areas.

Language: en

Keywords

argon; asphyxiation risk; furnace; inert gas; oxygen depletion; oxygen displacement; steel industry; welding