Citation

Fernández-Antelo I, Cuadrado-Gordillo I. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019; 16(13): e16132414.

Affiliation

Psychology and Anthropology Department, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/ijerph16132414

PMID

31284645

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The present study's objectives were to: (1) Identify and analyze the prevalence of poly-victims, and (2) determine how the levels of moral disengagement and the various defence mechanisms that victims use to explain abusive behavior might function as predictors of poly-bullying.

METHODS: The sample consisted of 1328 participants of from 9 to 14 years old. The instruments used were two questionnaires. One allows the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying victims to be identified and analyzed. The other analyses the level of moral disengagement and the defence mechanisms to which the victims resort.

RESULTS: The results showed there to be a continuity of the role of victim in off-line and on-line contexts, turning those who are subject to these situations into poly-victims. The moral disengagement of these victims was found basically to be centered at two levels-a locus of behavior, and a locus of outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to abuse that is continuous, of different types, and coming from different contexts must be perceived as a public health problem given the lack of effective tools to combat the situations of helplessness that the polyvictims experience.

Language: en

Keywords

bullying; cyberbullying; moral disengagement; polyvictimization