Citation

Gjerde H, Ramaekers JG, Mørland JG. Forensic Sci. Rev. 2019; 31(2): 141-160.

Affiliation

Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Central Police University Press)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

31270059

Abstract

Experimental, epidemiological, and real-case studies have different advantages and limitations when used to study the effect of substance use on the risk for involvement in a road traffic crash. It is easier to perform well-controlled experimental studies than well-controlled epidemiological studies due to difficulties related to selection bias, information bias, and confounding. On the other hand, it is difficult or impossible to perform experimental studies using single and repeated substance doses similar to those used by drivers and problematic drugs users. Real-case studies indicate which substances may cause observed impairment and involvement in road traffic crashes and at which concentrations; however, those studies cannot be used to quantify crash risks or determine causality. All three types of studies are needed to obtain a broad and complete picture as they may complement each other when assessing the effects of substance use on road traffic safety.

Copyright © 2019 Central Police University.

Language: en

Keywords

Alcohol; drugs; impairment; research methods; road traffic crash; substance use; traffic safety