Citation

Lis H, Stepnowski P, Caban M. J. Sep. Sci. 2019; ePub(ePub): ePub.

Affiliation

Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1002/jssc.201900346

PMID

31267662

Abstract

Passive sampling is an attractive technique for the long-term monitoring of pharmaceuticals in the water environment. The reliability of the received results depends on the properly performed calibration, namely the determination of analyte sampling rates. This step can be the source of a systematic error, as the sampling rate values are dependent on the water donor phase parameters. This is especially important for pharmaceuticals, since their chemical characteristics and ionic form change with pH. In this study, the cross-effect of pH (3, 7 and 9) and salinity (0, 7 and 35 practical salinity unit, using artificial sea water) on the passive sampling of 21 pharmaceuticals (antiparasitics, beta-blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfonamides) was tested. The primarily determined parameter was the sampling rate. In addition, the extraction efficiency, partitioning coefficient, and the concentration of the analytes on the sorbent were calculated. Generally, for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, and antiparasitics, the change both in pH and salinity had a negligible impact on the mentioned experimental parameters. In contrast, the extraction of sulfonamides was impacted by both pH and salinity, while lipophilicity was not a decisive parameter. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

hydrophilic-lipophilic balance; pH effect; passive sampling; pharmaceuticals; salinity effect