Citation

Tong MS, Kaplan LM, Guzman D, Ponath C, Kushel MB. J. Interpers. Violence 2019; ePub(ePub): 886260519850532.

Affiliation

University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/0886260519850532

PMID

31135255

Abstract

The homeless population is aging; older homeless adults may be at high risk of experiencing violent victimization. To examine whether homelessness is independently associated with experiencing physical and sexual abuse, we recruited 350 adults, aged 50 and older in Oakland, California, who met criteria for homelessness between July 2013 and June 2014. We interviewed participants at 6-month intervals for 3 years in Oakland about key variables, including housing status. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined whether persistent homelessness in each follow-up period was independently associated with having experienced physical or sexual victimization, after adjusting for known risk factors. The majority of the cohort was men (77.4%) and Black American (79.7%). At baseline, 10.6% had experienced either physical or sexual victimization in the prior 6 months. At 18-month follow-up, 42% of the cohort remained homeless. In adjusted models, persistent homelessness was associated with twice the odds of victimization (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.41, 2.87]). Older homeless adults experience high rates of victimization. Re-entering housing reduces this risk. Policymakers should recognize exposure to victimization as a negative consequence of homelessness that may be preventable by housing.

Language: en

Keywords

community violence; elder abuse; sexual assault; violence exposure