Citation

Monteiro Dos Santos J, Cardoso Dos Santos J, Marques EE, Carvalho de Araújo G, Seibert CS, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Toxicon 2019; 163: 74-83.

Affiliation

Immunoregulation Unit of the Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (Center of Toxins Immune-Response and Cell Signaling/CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: carla.lima@butantan.gov.br.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.013

PMID

30898532

Abstract

Several studies have been carried out with venom from sting and mucus of stingrays of marine or fluvial environments to compare the toxicity of their venom. However, studies demonstrating the existence of the influence of both sex and the maturation stage of stingrays on the variability of the toxic effects of venom are still scarce. Here, we investigated whether the sex and/or the stage maturation of the Potamotrygon rex stingray influence the toxic capacity of the venom to develop acute inflammation in mice. We carried out the main toxic activities in mice using venom from female or male of young and adult stingrays. Our results described here show that the nociception is mainly induced by venom from young female stingrays. In contrast, we observed the action of venom from both sex of adult stingrays in the induction of exudative phase of inflammatory process, including vascular leakage and neutrophil infiltration. Our data illustrate that the composition of the venom of P. rex is influenced by the stage of maturity of the stingray, modulating the production of peptides and proteins capable of acting on leukocytes-endothelial interactions and favoring neutrophil infiltration to the damage tissue.

Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Language: en

Keywords

Gender and maturity; Inflammation; Peptides; Proteins; Stingray venom