Citation

Liefooghe B, Houwer JD. J. Cogn. Psychol. (Hove) 2018; 30(1): 108-121.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

10.1080/20445911.2017.1365871

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Prior research established that newly instructed stimulus-response mappings, which have never been executed overtly before, can lead to automatic response-congruency effects. Such instruction-based congruency effects have been taken as evidence for the hypothesis that the intention to execute stimulus-response mappings results into functional associations that serve future execution. The present study challenges this hypothesis by demonstrating in a series of four experiments that maintaining instructed stimulus-response mappings for future recognition, rather than for future execution, can also lead to an instruction-based congruency effect. These findings indicate that the instruction-based congruency effect emerges even when it is very unlikely that participants form the intention to execute instructions. Alternative interpretations of the instruction-based congruency effect are discussed.

Language: en

Keywords

Cognitive control; instruction-based congruency effect; intention-based reflexivity; learning via instructions