Citation

Kim JH, Seok K. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019; 16(5): e16050733.

Affiliation

Division of Chemical Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea. aped@korea.kr.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/ijerph16050733

PMID

30823488

Abstract

Understanding how indoor-air contaminants affect human health is of critical importance in our developed society. We assessed the combined exposure by inhalation of preschool children and children to household products. A total of 1175 families with 72 infants, 158 toddlers, 230 children, and 239 youths were surveyed to determine the combined respiratory exposure concentrations and amounts associated with 21 substances in eight household product groups. We determined the mean concentrations of these substances in each product, and derived reference toxicity values based on the information gathered in order to identify respiratory health risks. On average, cleaners were used at a rate of 1.0 × 10³ g/month, while coating agents and other substances were used at 43 g/month. The combined inhalation exposure concentrations of methanol to infants and toddlers were 5.1 and 4.2 mg/m³ per month, respectively, with values of 2.1 and 1.7 mg/m³ for isopropanol, respectively. Risks to preschool children and children should be assessed on the basis of the toxicity values of combined exposed hazardous substances, as well as their combined concentrations and amounts. This exposure assessment approach can be used to establish improved guidelines for products that may pose inhalation hazards to preschool children and children.

Language: en

Keywords

combined exposure; exposure assessment; household product; preschool children; product ingredients.