Citation

Kapadia M, Scheid A, Fine E, Zoffness R. Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med. 2019; 12(1): 57-66.

Affiliation

, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

10.1007/s12178-019-09533-x

PMID

30758705

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Post-concussion syndrome (PCS), when the patient's concussion symptoms last longer than 4-6 weeks, affects 10-30% of concussion patients. PCS presents a significant source of morbidity to patients and a management challenge to providers. In this review, we present the current evidence and best management approaches for pediatric PCS. RECENT FINDINGS: There is limited high-quality evidence in pediatric PCS. There is some evidence supporting pharmaceutical management of post-traumatic headaches, cognitive symptoms, and emotional symptoms. Vestibular-ocular dysfunction should be evaluated and managed appropriately. Neuropsychological recovery is expected, but requires appropriate attention to Return to Learn. Emotional symptoms are common in PCS and the evidence supports treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. PCS presents a unique therapeutic challenge affecting multiple domains for patients-physical, sleep, cognitive, and emotional. Successful management of PCS requires a multi-disciplinary and individualized approach. There remains a significant need for further research, specifically looking into the outcomes and effective interventions in pediatric PCS.

Language: en

Keywords

Cognitive behavioral therapy; Mild traumatic brain injury; Pediatric concussion; Post-concussion syndrome; Post-traumatic headache