Citation

Renner KE, Williams DSB, Queen RM. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19(2): s19020265.

Affiliation

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. rmqueen@vt.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/s19020265

PMID

30641910

Abstract

The assessment of loading during walking and running has historically been limited to data collection in laboratory settings or with devices that require a computer connection. This study aims to determine if the loadsol^®-a single sensor wireless insole-is a valid and reliable method of assessing force. Thirty (17 male and 13 female) recreationally active individuals were recruited for a two visit study where they walked (1.3 m/s) and ran (3.0 and 3.5 m/s) at a 0%, 10% incline, and 10% decline, with the visits approximately one week apart. Ground reaction force data was collected on an instrumented treadmill (1440 Hz) and with the loadsol^® (100 Hz). Ten individuals completed the day 1 protocol with a newer 200 Hz loadsol^®. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,k) were used to assess validity and reliability and Bland⁻Altman plots were generated to better understand loadsol^® validity. Across conditions, the peak force ICCs ranged from 0.78 to 0.97, which increased to 0.84⁻0.99 with the 200 Hz insoles. Similarly, the loading rate ICCs improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.80⁻0.96 and impulse improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.90⁻0.97. The 200 Hz insoles may be needed for loading rate and impulse in running. For both walking and running, the loadsol^® has excellent between-day reliability (>0.76).

Language: en

Keywords

Bland–Altman; gait mechanics; ground reaction force; in-shoe; reliability