Citation

Cao Y, Zhuang X, Ma G. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2019; 123: 336-340.

Affiliation

Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China. Electronic address: magj@snnu.edu.cn.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.aap.2018.12.011

PMID

30580144

Abstract

Long waiting time at red light leads to negative experiences and red-light running behaviors. To shorten pedestrians' experienced waiting time, this study explores how the tempo and pitch in audible pedestrian signals influence time estimation. In a simulated task of waiting at the red light, we compared pedestrians' estimation of waiting time for three durations (30 s, 45 s, 60 s) while the tempo (40 bpm, 60 bpm, 120 bpm, bpm as the number of beats per minute) and pitch (175 Hz, 350 Hz, 700 Hz) of the tone were manipulated. The results show that pedestrians' estimations of waiting time decreased with decreasing tempo in the audible signal, but did not differ significantly across different pitches. To verify the effect of tempo on time estimation in real crossing scenario, we interviewed 217 pedestrians randomly selected at six sites on their waiting time at different tempos. The tempo can still predict pedestrians' time estimation. The findings have implications for auditory signal design of traffic lights.

Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Frequency; Pedestrian signal light; Pitch; Tempo; Time estimation