Citation

Jang SH, Kim SH, Kwon YH. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97(48): e13315.

Affiliation

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University 317-1, Daemyungdong, Namku, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)

DOI

10.1097/MD.0000000000013315

PMID

30508923

Abstract

RATIONALE: Many studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have demonstrated traumatic axonal injury (TAI) in patients whose conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results are negative following head trauma. Injury mechanism for TAI in these patients has been mainly associated with motor vehicle accident, whereas very little is known about TAI by violence. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 42-year-old male patient presented after experiencing head trauma due to violence. His face was hit several times by 2 men, and 1 of the men kicked the right side of the patient's head, after which the patient's left parietal area hit the ground while falling. After the head trauma, he felt mild motor weakness of the left upper and lower extremities and had mild articulation difficulty, cognitive dysfunction including memory impairment, and excessive daytime sleepiness. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed as TAI. INTERVENTIONS: Clinical assessments and DTI were performed at 10 days after the head trauma. OUTCOMES: He showed mild left hemiparesis (5/4), mild dysarthria, mild cognitive abnormality (Clinical Dementia Rating: 0.5) and mild abnormality on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (score: 12; cut-off score: 10, maximum score: 24). DTI showed the following configurational abnormalities: right corticospinal tract narrowing, left corticobulbar tract narrowing, discontinuations in the anterior portion of both cingula, discontinuation of the left fornical crus, non-reconstruction of the right dorsolateral prefronto-thalamic tract, and narrowing in both lower ventral ascending reticular activating systems. LESSONS: Extensive TAI of various neural tracts was demonstrated by performing DTI of a patient with head trauma due to violence. Analysis of the neural tracts via DTI can be useful in detection of TAI in patients who show various neurological features following head trauma due to violence.

Language: en