Citation

Holt TJ, Dupont B. Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol. 2019; 63(8): 1127-1147.

Affiliation

University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/0306624X18811101

PMID

30403151

Abstract

Research examining the illicit online market for cybercrime services operating via web forums, such as malicious software, personal information, and hacking tools, has greatly improved our understanding of the practices of buyers and sellers, and the social forces that structure actor behavior. The majority of these studies are based on open markets, which can be accessed by anyone with minimal barriers to entry. There are, however, closed communities operating online that are thought to operate with greater trust and reliability between participants, as they must be vetted and approved by existing community members. The decision to allow individuals to join a forum may reflect restrictive deterrence practices on the part of existing members, as those applicants may threaten the security or operations of the group. This study utilized a quantitative analysis to understand the factors associated with rejection for individuals who sought membership in the organized and sophisticated closed forum run by and for cybercriminals called Darkode. The findings demonstrated that individuals whose perceived engagement with the hacker community and cybercrime marketplace were considered too risky for membership. The implications of this study for our understanding of restrictive deterrence theory, as well as criminal market operations on and offline were explored in depth.

Language: en

Keywords

cybercrime; fraud; hacking; illicit markets; restrictive deterrence; risk avoidance