Citation

Cox SC, Hocking C, Payne D. Hist. Psychiatry 2019; 30(1): 58-76.

Affiliation

Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2019, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/0957154X18801766

PMID

30247072

Abstract

In the early nineteenth century, physicians designed the first manufactured showers for the purpose of curing the insane. Sustained falls of cold water were prescribed to cool hot, inflamed brains, and to instil fear to tame impetuous wills. By the middle of the century showers had appeared in both asylums and prisons, but shower-related deaths led to their decline. Rather than being abandoned, however, the shower was transformed by the use of warm water to economically wash the skins of prison and asylum populations. In stark contrast to an involuntary, deliberately unpleasant treatment, by the end of the century the shower was a desirable product for the improvement of personal hygiene and population health.

Language: en

Keywords

19th century; Asylum; hydropathy; mania; psychiatry; shower-bath