Citation

Duffy KA, McLaughlin KA, Green PA. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2018; 1428(1): 151-169.

Affiliation

Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/nyas.13928

PMID

30011075

Abstract

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with poorer health in adulthood, an association explained, at least in part, by increased engagement in health-risk behaviors (HRBs). In this review, we make the case that ELA influences brain development in ways that increase the likelihood of engaging in HRBs. We argue that ELA alters neural circuitry underpinning cognitive control as well as emotional processing, including networks involved in processing threat and reward. These neural changes are associated psychologically and behaviorally with heightened emotional reactivity, blunted reward responsivity, poorer emotion regulation, and greater delay discounting. We then demonstrate that these adaptations to ELA are associated with an increased risk of smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and eating high-fat, high-sugar foods. Furthermore, we explore how HRBs affect the brain in ways that reinforce addiction and further explain clustering of HRBs.

© 2018 New York Academy of Sciences.

Language: en

Keywords

delay discounting; early life adversity; emotion regulation; emotional reactivity; health neuroscience; health-risk behaviors; reward responsivity