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Citation
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Rege SV, Ngo DA, Ait-Daoud N, Sharma S, Verplancken E, Holstege CP. Addiction 2018; 113(12): 2309-2315. |
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Affiliation
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Department of Student Health, Division of Student Affairs, University of Virginia, 400 Brandon Ave, Charlottesville, VA, 22903. |
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Abstract
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the US, access to naloxone has been expanded as a measure to address the growing opioid overdose mortality. The study aimed to describe national trends in naloxone use as reported to the U.S. poison centers (PCs).
METHODS: The National Poison Data System (NPDS) was queried for cases reporting naloxone therapy from 01/01/00 through 12/31/16. Demographic and clinical characteristics were descriptively assessed. Trends in naloxone reports were evaluated by using generalized linear mixed models that were adjusted for age, gender and random effects of the geographical census region. Cumulative incidence rates (CIR) of naloxone reports at the state- and national-level were calculated.
RESULTS: There were 304,249 cases reporting naloxone therapy during the study period. The frequency of naloxone reports increased from 9,498 in 2000 to 26,826 in 2016. The proportion of cases where naloxone was used prior to PC recommendation increased from 59.8% in 2000 to 81.5% in 2016. The mean number of NPDS naloxone reports per 100,000 human exposures increased from 9.6 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.4-14.2) to 31.7 (95% CI: 21.4-46.9, p<0.001). Among the cases, 52.4% were female and the most frequent age group was 20-39 years (39.1%). The principal reason for a toxic exposure resulting in a naloxone report was suspected suicide (55.0%). Life-threatening symptoms were seen in one-fifth of the cases with 53.9% cases being admitted to critical care units. Opioids (59.7% cases), were the most commonly reported exposure agents, with hydrocodone being most frequently reported. The national CIR of naloxone reports to the U.S. PCs was 6.3 cases per 100,000 population, with West Virginia demonstrating the highest incidence.
CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of calls to the United States poison centers indicates an increasing trend of naloxone use from 2000 to 2016.
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Language: en |