Citation

Biddle SJH, Hill AB. Pers. Individ. Dif. 1988; 9(2): 213-223.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1988, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/0191-8869(88)90082-7

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

24 male and 22 female undergraduates competed in same-sex pairs in a bicycle ergometer `race'. Ratings of how important participants felt it was to win were gathered before the race. After the contest, ratings of satisfaction with performance and attributions for the causes of winning or losing together with ratings of the intensity of a variety of emotional feelings, were made by participants. Results showed that both male and female race winners attributed their win to internal factors (the effort they made, their motivation and personality). Losers attributed their loss to external factors (their opponent's effort and personality). For both winners and losers, however, emotional reactions were related only to internal attributions. Feelings of satisfaction among winners, and feelings of irritation experienced by losers, were related to internal attributions irrespective of how important participants thought it was to win the race. But the relationship between attributions and feelings of pride in winners and feelings of unhappiness in losers were influenced by the importance attached to winning the race. Some evidence emerged to suggest that losers who had considered it important to win, used defences against emotional feelings of disgust, dissatisfaction and discontent.