Citation

Morse AM, Garner DR. Med. Sci. (Basel) 2018; 6(1): e6010015.

Affiliation

Department of Pediatrics, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA. Drgarner@geisinger.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/medsci6010015

PMID

29462866

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonplace among pediatric patients and has a complex, but intimate relationship with psychiatric disease and disordered sleep. Understanding the factors that influence the risk for the development of TBI in pediatrics is a critical component of beginning to address the consequences of TBI. Features that may increase risk for experiencing TBI sometimes overlap with factors that influence the development of post-concussive syndrome (PCS) and recovery course. Post-concussive syndrome includes physical, psychological, cognitive and sleep-wake dysfunction. The comorbid presence of sleep-wake dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms can lead to a more protracted recovery and deleterious outcomes. Therefore, a multidisciplinary evaluation following TBI is necessary. Treatment is generally symptom specific and mainly based on adult studies. Further research is necessary to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, as well as improve the understanding of contributing pathophysiology for the shared development of psychiatric disease and sleep-wake dysfunction following TBI.

Language: en

Keywords

anxiety; attention deficit disorder; depression; post-traumatic stress; sleep–wake disorders; traumatic brain injury