Citation

Darchini-Maragheh E, Balali-Mood M, Malaknezhad M, Mousavi SR. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2018; 37(2): 175-184.

Affiliation

1 Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/0960327117694072

PMID

29320941

Abstract

The most common delayed complication of sulfur mustard (SM) poisoning has been observed in the respiratory tracts. It was thus aimed to investigate the delayed respiratory complications in SM-exposed patients around 25 years before the study. Forty-three veterans with more than 25% disability of due to SM poisoning were investigated. Clinical examinations as well as pulmonary function test (PFT) were performed. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs was done as clinically indicated. Triad of chronic cough, dyspnea, and expectoration were the most common symptoms that were recorded in 88.2%, 88.2%, and 64.7% of the patients, respectively. PFT abnormalities were detected in 44.18% of the patients. Restrictive pattern was the most common (41.86%), while pure obstructive pattern did not detect at all. Mixed pattern was significantly correlated with higher disability percentages among the veterans ( p < 0.001). Significant reverse correlation between the disability percentages and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio was obtained ( p = 0.010, r = -0.389). Air trapping was the most common abnormality in HRCTs (50%). Bronchiectasis (25%), pulmonary fibrosis (25%), and ground-glass attenuation (16.66%) were other common HRCT findings. Comparing with the previous studies on these patients, more restrictive and mixed pattern were observed. Moreover, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and lung fibrosis were the main pathological findings in these patients.

Language: en

Keywords

Sulfur mustard; bronchiectasis; bronchiolitis; poisoning; pulmonary function test