Citation

White LK, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Wolf DH, Satterthwaite TD, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Gur RC, Gur RE. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2017; 56(11): 975-982.e3.

Affiliation

University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, and the Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Publisher Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)

DOI

10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.016

PMID

29096780

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Deficits in executive function (EF) are common in neuropsychiatric disorders, but the specificity of these deficits remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the pattern of EF impairment across psychopathologies in children and adolescents. Associations among components of EF with dimensions of psychopathology, including an overall psychopathology factor, were assessed.

METHOD: Participants (8-21 years) were from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 9,498). Data from a structured clinical screening interview were reduced to 5 dimensional domains using factor analyses: overall psychopathology, anxious-misery, fear, externalizing, and psychosis. EF components of attentional vigilance, response inhibition, conceptual flexibility, and working memory were assessed. Associations of clinical dimensions with general EF ability and with specific EF components were examined.

RESULTS: EF ability showed common and domain-specific associations with clinical symptoms. General EF was directly associated with the general psychopathology, anxious-misery, and psychosis domains but not with the fear or externalizing domains. For the EF subcomponents, differences emerged in the magnitude and direction of the association between components and clinical domains. Poorer EF was typically associated with increased symptoms across clinical domains; however, in some instances, better EF ability was associated with greater symptom burden, particularly in the fear domain.

CONCLUSION: EF has widespread associations with psychopathology in youth.

FINDINGS showed some overlap in the type of EF impairment across clinical phenotypes, as indicated by similar patterns of associations between some clinical symptoms and EF. However, findings also showed domain-specific associations with EF that differed across EF components and clinical domains.

Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

adolescence; child development; developmental psychopathology; executive function