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Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate sleep quality status of train drivers.
METHODS: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1413 train drivers (including passenger train drivers 301, freight train drivers 683, passenger shunting train drivers 350, and high speed train drivers 79) from a railway bureau. The occupational stressors, strains, personalities and sleep quality were measured using occupational stress instruments and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire.
RESULTS: The train drivers of poor sleep quality was 48.34%. Sleep quality scores among different among different job category (job title) , exercise, smoking and drinking were statistical significance (P<0.01). Differences of sleep quality among different educational level, marry status, age, length of service groups weren't statistical significance (P>0.05). Correlation: analysis revealed that sleep quality score was related negatively to job satisfaction, reward, working stability, promotion opportunities, positive affectivity, esteem and self-esteem scores (r: -0.454, -0.207, -0.329,-0.170, -0.291, -0.103, -0.139, P<0.01 or P<0.05) , positively to social support, effort, role conflict, conflict between groups, conflict in groups, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, psychological needs, physiological needs, daily stress, negative affectivity, depressive symptoms scores (r: 0.338, 0.524, 0.226, 0.094, 0.182, 0.210, 0.247, 0.190, 0.615, 0.550, 0.345, 0.570, P<0.01). Nonparametric test found that train drivers of group with high sleep quality score reported higher scores for physiological need, psychological need, effort, role conflict, conflict between groups, social support, daily stress, depressive symptoms, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, negative affectivity and coping scores than the group of lower sleep quality score (P<0.01). But reword, job satisfaction, positive affectivity, self-esteem working stability and Promotion opportunities scores were lower than the group of lower sleep quality score (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the risk for more physiological needs, more effort, more depressive symptoms and more daily stress for drivers occured the risk of poor sleep quality were more than two times as high as that of drivers with less physiological needs, less effort, less depressive symptoms and less daily stress (OR=2.905~2.005).
CONCLUSIONS Different types of locomotive drivers get different level of sleep quality. Sleep quality was affected by occupational stress largely. Reducing the occupational stress may contribute to improve the sleep quality of train drivers.
Language: zh
目的： 探讨铁路机车司机睡眠质量及其影响因素。 方法： 采取整群抽样的方法，于2012年3月对某铁路局机务段1413名男性机车司机（客车司机301名、货车司机683名、运调车司机350名和动车或高铁司机79名）进行横断面调查；调查内容包括用职业紧张测量工具、工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡问卷等测试机车司机的职业应激因素、应激反应、个体特征和睡眠质量。 结果： 48.34%的机车司机睡眠质量较差；不同类型的机车司机、锻炼情况、吸烟与饮酒情况组间睡眠质量评分的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。不同文化程度、婚姻状况、年龄、工龄组间睡眠质量评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。相关分析表明，睡眠质量评分与工作满意感、回报、工作稳定性、提升机会、正性情感、尊重和自尊感的评分呈负相关（r值分别为-0.454、-0.207、-0.329、-0.170、-0.291、-0.103、-0.139，P<0.01或P<0.05），与社会支持、付出、角色冲突、组内冲突、组间冲突、对人的责任、对事的责任、心理需求、生理需求、每日紧张感、负性情感和抑郁症状的评分呈正相关（r值分别为0.338、0.524、0.226、0.094、0.182、0.210、0.247、0.190、0.615、0.550、0.345、0.570，P<0.01或P<0.05）。非参数检验显示，高评分睡眠质量组的心理需求、生理需求、付出、角色冲突、组间冲突、社会支持、每日紧张感、抑郁症状、对人的责任、对事的责任、负性情绪和应对策略评分高于低评分睡眠质量组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；而回报、工作满意感、正性情绪、自尊感、工作稳定性、提升机会评分低于低评分睡眠质量组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。Logistic回归分析结果表明，躯体需求、付出、抑郁症状和每日紧张感对睡眠质量有较大的影响，躯体需求多、高付出、抑郁症状多、每日紧张感高者发生睡眠障碍的风险分别是躯体需求少、低付出、抑郁症状少、每日紧张感低者2倍多（OR=2.905~2.005）。 结论： 不同类型的机车司机睡眠质量有差异，职业应激对睡眠质量有较大影响，减少职业应激可有助于提高机车司机的睡眠质量。.
Language: zh |