Citation

Cunliffe J, Martin J, Décary-Hétu D, Aldridge J. Int. J. Drug Policy 2017; 50: 64-73.

Affiliation

University of Manchester, United Kingdom.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.005

PMID

29055855

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Australia has a reputation as an anomaly with regard to cryptomarket drug trading, with seemingly disproportionately high levels of activity given its relatively small size, high prices and anecdotal accounts of it being a destination where many foreign-based vendors will not sell. This paper aims to investigate these claims from a risk and prices perspective.

METHODS: By analysing data for over 60,000 drug products available for purchase from eight cryptomarkets in January 2016 this work builds a descriptive picture of the Australian online market in comparison to the rest of the world, before moving onto analyse the prices of drugs available to Australian consumers, both online and though conventional drug supply routes.

RESULTS: Results show that the Australian online illicit drugs market is of considerable size, internally isolated and with methamphetamine sales being particularly large by comparison to other countries. Australian cryptomarket vendors sell drugs at significantly higher prices than those listed by their foreign counterparts. Online prices are however broadly comparable to street prices, with the exception of methamphetamine where prices appear to be much lower online.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the perceived stringency of Australian border protection inadvertently increases the competitiveness and local market share of domestic cryptomarket vendors via a consumer side 'risk tariff', challenging the traditionally vendor-oriented drugs risk and prices framework.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Australia; Cryptomarkets; Darknet markets; Digital trace methodology; Drug prices; Illicit drugs; Methamphetamine; Risk tariff; Risks and prices