Citation

Nepple JJ, Vigdorchik JM, Clohisy JC. Am. J. Sports Med. 2015; 43(11): 2833-2840.

Affiliation

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2015, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Publisher SAGE Publishing)

DOI

10.1177/0363546514563909

PMID

25587186

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is recognized as a common cause of hip pain and intra-articular disorders in athletes. Studies have suggested a link between participation in athletics during adolescence and the development of cam-type deformities of the proximal femoral head-neck junction.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of sporting activity participation during adolescence and the development of cam deformity. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review.

METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify potential studies. Abstracts and manuscripts (when applicable) were independently reviewed by 2 reviewers. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including 8 studies that compared the prevalence of cam deformity in athletes with that in controls and 3 studies that compared the prevalence of cam deformity before and after physeal closure (2 with both). A meta-analysis was performed with pooling of data and random-effects modeling to compare rates of cam deformity between athletes and controls.

RESULTS: High-level male athletes are 1.9 to 8.0 times more likely to develop a cam deformity than are male controls. The pooled prevalence rate (by hip) of cam deformity in male athletes was 41%, compared with 17% for male controls. The pooled mean alpha angle among male athletes was 61°, compared with 51° for male controls.

CONCLUSION: Males participating in specific high-level impact sports (hockey, basketball, and possibly soccer) are at an increased risk of physeal abnormalities of the anterosuperior head-neck junction that result in a cam deformity at skeletal maturity.

© 2015 The Author(s).

Language: en

Keywords

basketball; femoroacetabular impingement; hip; ice hockey