Citation

Udy AA, Roberts JA, Lipman J, Blot S. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2018; 123: 65-74.

Affiliation

Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, Australia 4029; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Stijn.Blot@UGent.be.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2018, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.019

PMID

28964882

Abstract

Patients suffering major burn injury represent a unique population of critically ill patients. Widespread skin and tissue damage causes release of systemic inflammatory mediators that promote endothelial leak, extravascular fluid shifts, and cardiovascular derangement. This phase is characterized by relative intra-vascular hypovolaemia and poor peripheral perfusion. Large volume intravenous fluid resuscitation is generally required. The patients clinical course is then typically complicated by ongoing inflammation, protein catabolism, and marked haemodynamic perturbation. At all times, drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination are grossly distorted. For hydrophilic agents, changes in volume of distribution and clearance are marked, resulting in potentially sub-optimal drug exposure. In the case of antibiotics, this may then promote treatment failure, or the development of bacterial drug resistance. As such, empirical dose selection and pharmaceutical development must consider these features, with the application of strategies that attempt to counter the unique pharmacokinetic changes encountered in this setting.

Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Language: en

Keywords

Antibiotics; Augmented Renal Clearance; Bacterial Resistance; Burn injury; Critical Illness; Drug Dosing; Systemic inflammation