|
Affiliation
|
Pediatric Burns Center, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: carol.oliveira@sickkids.ca. |
|
Abstract
|
BACKGROUND: Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, but potentially life-threatening complication of thermal injuries in children. The study objective was to systematically review the literature on paediatric TSS after burns or scalds, and describe our experience with this condition in Switzerland.
METHODS: All tertiary paediatric healthcare centres managing burns and scalds in Switzerland were inquired. A systematic literature review was performed using EMBASE (1947-2016), MEDLINE (1946-2016), Web of Science (1900-2016) and Google Scholar in October 2016. Data on patient characteristics, symptoms, laboratory parameters, management and outcome were extracted from paper and electronic patient charts. Descriptive statistics were performed.
RESULTS: The literature review revealed 25 articles describing 59 cases observed in 10 countries (UK, USA, Hungary, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, Israel, Japan, Spain, Switzerland) from 1985 to 2016. The patient age ranged from 8 months to 8 years at the time point of TSS-diagnosis. The injured total body surface area ranged from <1% to 41%. Forty-one patients suffered from scalds, 6 from burns and in 12 cases the type of injury was not specified. The TSS-diagnosis was made 1-7days after thermal injury. Nineteen children underwent admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Six children died from TSS. In Switzerland, we identified 11 consecutive cases between 07/2001 and 06/2011 (median age 15 months, range 9 months-14 years; 9 male, 2 female; 3 burns, 8 scalds; 7% median total body surface area (TBSA), range 2-30%). Diagnosis of TSS was made on day 5 after injury in median (range 3-34 days). Eight of eleven patients received intensive care. Survivors (10/11) suffered no long-term sequelae besides scars. One 13-month old boy died 3days after a 7%-TBSA scald.
CONCLUSIONS: Toxic shock syndrome is an important complication of paediatric burns in Switzerland and several other countries world-wide. Diagnosis and management remain challenging. Awareness among treating clinicians is crucial for a favourable outcome.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.
Language: en |