Citation

Mustafa G, Hou J, Nelson R, Tsuda S, Jahan M, Mohammad NS, Watts JV, Thompson FJ, Bose PK. Neural Regen. Res. 2017; 12(6): 981-986.

Affiliation

Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Neural Regeneration Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, Publisher Wolters Kluwer)

DOI

10.4103/1673-5374.208594

PMID

28761433

PMCID

PMC5514875

Abstract

Our recent findings have demonstrated that rodent models of closed head traumatic brain injury exhibit comprehensive evidence of progressive and enduring orofacial allodynias, a hypersensitive pain response induced by non-painful stimulation. These allodynias, tested using thermal hyperalgesia, correlated with changes in several known pain signaling receptors and molecules along the trigeminal pain pathway, especially in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. This study focused to extend our previous work to investigate the changes in monoamine neurotransmitter immunoreactivity changes in spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis, pars interpolaris and nucleus tractus solitaries following mild to moderate closed head traumatic brain injury, which are related to tactile allodynia, touch-pressure sensitivity, and visceral pain. Our results exhibited significant alterations in the excitatory monoamine, serotonin, in spinal trigeminal nucleus oralis and pars interpolaris which usually modulate tactile and mechanical sensitivity in addition to the thermal sensitivity. Moreover, we also detected a robust alteration in the expression of serotonin, and inhibitory molecule norepinephrine in the nucleus tractus solitaries, which might indicate the possibility of an alteration in visceral pain, and existence of other morbidities related to solitary nucleus dysfunction in this rodent model of mild to moderate closed head traumatic brain injury. Collectively, widespread changes in monoamine neurotransmitter may be related to orofacial allodynhias and headache after traumatic brain injury.

Language: en

Keywords

facial and somatic allodynia; headache; migraine; mild to moderate traumatic brain injury; nerve regeneration; neural regeneration; neuromodulators; thermal hyperalgesia; trigeminal sensory system